Diabetology

Diabetologists are responsible for identifying the different types of diabetes, such as type 1, type 2, gestational diabetes, and uncommon forms, such as monogenic diabetes. This requires tests such as fasting glucose measurement, glucose tolerance test, and hemoglobin A1c measurement.

Diabetes treatment varies depending on the type and severity of the disease. In type 1 diabetes, patients should receive exogenous insulin for life. In type 2 diabetes, treatment may include lifestyle changes (diet, exercise) and oral medications or insulin if needed. It also includes the management of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and other comorbidities associated with diabetes, such as chronic kidney disease.

Diabetologists focus on the prevention of type 2 diabetes, especially in people with risk factors such as overweight, family history, or insulin resistance. Education in healthy habits and early detection are key to preventing disease development.

Patients with diabetes need regular follow-ups to monitor their glucose levels, adjust treatments, and detect potential complications early. This may include periodic reviews of kidney, eye, nerve, and cardiovascular function.

An essential part of diabetology is the management of long-term complications, including: • Diabetic neuropathy (damage to peripheral nerves). • Diabetic retinopathy (damage to the eyes). • Diabetic kidney disease (nephropathy). • Cardiovascular disease due to the increased risk of heart attacks and strokes in people with diabetes.